The Green Man

The Green Man is believed to be a pagan, perhaps a fertility 

figure or a nature spirit, similar to the woodwose  and yet 

carvings of The Green Man can still be seen on many 

ecclesiastical and secular buildings, although the true meaning 

of these images have been lost. They are usually viewed as 

symbols of rebirth, representing the cycle of growth each spring. 

The face is surrounded by or made from leaves. 

Branches or vines may sprout from the nose, mouth or nostrils 

which may bear flowers or fruit.

The Woodwose  ‘wildman of the woods’ is a mythical figure 

that appears in the artwork and literature of medieval Europe 

and is comparable to the faun or satyr.

They are depicted as being covered in hair, images of these 

wild men appear in the carved and painted roof bosses of 

Canterbury Cathedral,

 Images of the Green Man are to be 

found here as well.

There are three main types of the Green Man carving.

The foliate head which is completely covered in green leaves.

The disgorging head which spews out vegetation from the mouth.

The bloodsucker head which sprouts vegetation from all its facial 

orifices.

The image of the Green Man do not appear in England until the 

twelfth century but they have a long history elsewhere. In Rome 

during the first century AD foliate heads were produced as ornaments

on temple friezes and capitals, this spread throughout the Roman 

Empire. The foliate heads also appear in Indian art from the eighth 

century onwards. The first image of this kind appeared in Europe 

on the tomb of St Abre, near the city of Poitiers, France, 400 AD

This area saw the development of the carvings in the gothic style.

Of course the Celts already used curving twisting forms of vegetation 

in their art long before the Romans invaded, images that could be 

viewed as both animal or vegetation and human heads at the same time. 

There are many examples in illuminated manuscripts which may 

have been used as inspiration for carvings.

The Green Man image is usually found at boundaries or crossing 

places, beside a church door, the chancel arch or screens. They can 

also be found hiding under misericords in many churches, such as 

Exeter Cathedral, the abbey-church of Vendôme, France, Ludlow 

parish church and many more.

The Green Man enjoyed a revival in the 19th century, becoming 

popular with architects during the Gothic revival and the Arts and 

Crafts era, when it appeared as a decorative motif in and on many 

buildings, both religious and secular. American architects took up 

the motif around the same time. The Green Man went with the 

Europeans as they travelled around the world. Many variations 

can be found in Neo-gothic Victorian architecture. He was very 

popular amongst Australian stonemasons and can be found on 

many secular and sacred buildings.

The celebration of the Green Man is still going on today; in Clun in 

Shropshire over the three days of the first May bank holiday  the 

Green Man festival is held. On the bank holiday Monday the Green 

Man enters Clun to battle the spirit of winter at Clun Bridge and a 

May fair is held in the grounds of Clun Castle with a May Queen.